By Study Finds | Guest Post
PITTSBURGH — Fans of the film “Terminator 2: Judgment Day” likely remember the terrifying scene where the killer robot turns into liquid metal to slide through the prison cell bars. Well, scientists in the real world are now turning fantasy into reality. A team of engineers are working on a Terminator-style shapeshifting robot able to turn from a solid into a liquid and reform itself.
Amazing video footage shows a human-shaped figure turning into a liquid metal to escape a cage before reforming on the other side of the bars. The international team took inspiration from the sea cucumber while designing the miniature robots, which rapidly and reversibly shift between liquid and solid states. Along with being able to shapeshift, the engineers say their robots are magnetic and can also conduct electricity.
The team put the machines through an obstacle course of mobility and shapeshifting tests in the study published in the journal Matter.
Team leader Dr. Chengfeng Pan notes that where traditional robots have a stiff and inflexible frame, “soft” robots actually have the opposite problem. They may be flexible, but they’re also weak and their movements are hard to control.
“Giving robots the ability to switch between liquid and solid states endows them with more functionality,” says Pan, an engineer at The Chinese University of Hong Kong who led the study, in a media release.
The Robot Doesn’t Need Extreme Heat to Shapeshift
The team calls their new phase-shifting material “magnetoactive solid-liquid phase transitional machine.” To do this, they embedded magnetic particles in gallium, a metal with a very low melting point of 85.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
“The magnetic particles here have two roles,” says senior author and mechanical engineer Carmel Majidi from Carnegie Mellon University. “One is that they make the material responsive to an alternating magnetic field, so you can, through induction, heat up the material and cause the phase change. But the magnetic particles also give the robots mobility and the ability to move in response to the magnetic field.”
Majidi explains that the new material is very different from existing phase-shifting materials which rely on heat guns, electrical currents, or other heat sources to trigger their transformation from a solid to a liquid. Moreover, the new material has a liquid phase which is “extremely fluid” in comparison to other shapeshifting materials, that are considerably more viscous when they melt.
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